Tuesday, November 26, 2019
Eight exciting careers for the world traveler
Eight exciting careers for the world traveler Working eight hours every day behind a desk isnââ¬â¢t for everyone. If you love traveling and are tired of spending all your paid time off and hard-earned money on only traveling once or twice a year, consider finding a job that gives you the freedom to travel the world. Here are eight jobs for the world traveler:1. Cruise line workerCruise ship jobs are a travel loverââ¬â¢s dream gig. You get paid to travel the world and interact with people of different cultural backgrounds. As if that doesnââ¬â¢t sound amazing enough, youââ¬â¢ll receive free food and accommodation while collecting a salary.These floating resorts offer plenty of opportunities for individuals of all backgrounds. You can be a restaurant server, a cook, bartender, an entertainment director or a performer in the cruiseââ¬â¢s entertainment lineup.2. International tour guideBecoming a tour manager or a tour guide is one of the most rewarding and exciting ways to travel the world. You get to learn about the history and culture of different countries while sharing your love of travel with like-minded individuals.Wherever you want to go, there are plenty of travel destinations that are always in need of friendly, knowledgeable guides. With tour guiding, youââ¬â¢ll get to travel to fabulous vacation spots while getting paid. Whatââ¬â¢s more, if youââ¬â¢re good at it, you may get good tips, making your salary very competitive.3. Travel agentIn the age of the Internet where you can easily search and book flights and vacation packages online, you may think that the professional travel agent is a dead career. While itââ¬â¢s predicted that there will be a decline in this job over the next decade, itââ¬â¢s still a rewarding occupation for travel lovers.Travel agents work with resorts, cruise lines, airlines, and rental companies to secure travel arrangements for their clients. This means youââ¬â¢ll regularly go on free trips to luxury resorts sponsored by resorts or travel co mpanies. The nice thing about becoming a travel agent is that you donââ¬â¢t have to pass an exam to prove that you know your stuff. While there are no real required skills, itââ¬â¢s useful to know basic things like geography and history and stay on top of the latest news at different destinations.4. TEFL teacherTeaching English abroad is just as rewarding for you as it is for your students. Youââ¬â¢ll get to help students acquire one of the most sought-after skills in the world (speaking English) while immersing yourself in the countryââ¬â¢s culture.Jobs are in abundance, but you may need a bachelorââ¬â¢s degree, TEFL training, TEFL certification, and some teaching experience. If youââ¬â¢re thinking about what countries to teach English abroad, Thailand is one of the most popular TEFL destinations you may want to consider. Other top TEFL teaching destinations to consider are Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Dubai, and Taiwan.5. Au pairBeing an au pair is one of the oldest an d most famous travel jobs. If you work well with children, consider taking up an au pair job. An au pair works for a host family in a foreign country and provides childcare services. Alongside childcare, you may help out with light household chores.Youââ¬â¢ll receive free board and lodging as well as pocket money. Although the salary may be relatively low, youââ¬â¢ll get to immerse yourself in another culture as an extended member of the host family.6. PhotographerIf youââ¬â¢re skilled with a camera, you can turn your photographs into cash while traveling the world. As a travel photographer, youââ¬â¢ll be required to capture a variety of sites and events including destination hotels and resorts, outdoor adventures, scenery, cultures, local events, and customs.You can choose to become a full-time photographer and work for a company or as a freelancer. Either way, you will travel the world while making money.7. Website designerWe live in an exciting time where anyone can m ake a living online. Becoming a web designer is one of the occupations with oodles of potential and scope for employment. And, starting your web design journey in the field is easy ââ¬â just choose a development specialization like JavaScript frameworks, HTML or CSS, get essential coding skills and launch an online portfolio.8. Flight attendantThis is the most obvious jobs that involve travelling the world. It doesnââ¬â¢t require a degree but the requirements may vary from one airline to another. Most major airlines require prior customer service experience and a certification from a relevant aviation agency. Some airlines may require you to be able to stand on your feet for extended periods of time and reach the overhead bins.Worth mentioning is that the work isnââ¬â¢t easy and the hours are frequently erratic. However, youââ¬â¢ll get the opportunity to travel around the world. Plus, youââ¬â¢ll get free or discounted flights for you and your family.These eight jobs will enable you to explore the world while making money and building your career. Just be sure to choose one thatââ¬â¢s fit for you.About the Author: Riya is an inspired writer writing in several areas of expertise. With spending her years working marketing communication, Riya is delighted to work with aspiring small business owners. Connect with Riya on Twitter, @sanderriya.
Saturday, November 23, 2019
How to Get Free Cat and Dog Food
How to Get Free Cat and Dog Food If youre having trouble affording dog food and cat food, you may have a variety of solutions to check out before re-homing your companion animal. Animal shelters increasingly recognize they can avoid contributing to shelter overpopulation by thinking outside the box. Food programs are popping up in many different venues to help you keep your cat or dog right at home. Why Keeping a Pet Matters When personal finances tank, putting food on the table is challenging enough without adding a few furry faces to feed. But itââ¬â¢s when things are at their lowest point that when the true value and worth of animals become crystal clear. Writing for Webmd.com, Dr. Ian Cook, psychiatrist and director of the Depressionà Research and Clinic Program at UCLA, says: Pets offer an unconditional love that can be very helpful to people withà depressionâ⬠¦ Taking care of a pet can help give you a sense of your own value and importance. It will remind you that you are capable that you can do more than you might think. A little boost in attitude and outlook could mean a lot to someone who is feeling pretty hopeless. Looking for an alternative to giving up your companion animal will not only give you a mission, it will remind you of the kindness of other humans; something of which we all need to be reminded from time to time, but especially in cases of misfortune. Where to Find Free Pet Food If youre in search of sources of free pet food, youre not alone. In fact, many organizations are aware of the issue and have created resources to help. For example: Some animal shelters maintain a pet food bank. When a distraught companion animal guardians visit the shelter with the intent to surrender their animal, instead of signing a surrender form they are given an application for food subsistence.Meals on Wheels found that pets are the only family that some seniors have and that some of their clients were sharing their meals with their pets when they couldnt afford pet food. In 2006, Meals on Wheels started the We All Love Our Pets (WALOP) initiative. Not all local Meals on Wheels programs offer pet food, so check with your local program.The Humane Society of the United States maintains aà list of national and local organizations that offer free pet food, low-cost spay/neuter services, and temporary foster care if you need help. How to Request Or Provide Help with Finding Pet Food If youre not sure where to start looking for or providing free pet food, you may find these suggestions help to break the ice. Ask your local shelter if they have a pet food bank. If you are not in need of one at the moment, offer to start one.Use search engines to research ââ¬Å"pet food banks and meals on wheels programs in (your city). You may be surprised at all the good things that are happening in your own community.Talk to your grocer about saving dented and newly out-of-date pet food items and donating them to a shelter where you may be able to avail yourself of same.Use social media to let everyone you know you are taking up a collection to build a food bank and ask for donated food items once intended for a now-deceased animal.
Thursday, November 21, 2019
The entrepreneurial organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
The entrepreneurial organization - Essay Example They can only thrive in an environment of relative freedom. Under industrialization, bureaucracy was the dominant form of organization. The factory was designed to produce standardized products; the bureaucracy was designed to produce standardized decisions. Many major corporations of today developed in an industrial society, based on a bureaucratic model of machine-like division of function, routine activity, regularity, seeming permanence, and a long vertical hierarchy. It was a world of mass markets uniform goods and services, and long production lines. During the 1990's, however, the top-down authoritarian management style began yielding to a networking style of management. Horizontal communication in a networked environment is freer and more fluid, with few bureaucratic barriers. In the new style of management, people learn from one another peer to peer, everyone is a resource for everyone else, and each person gets support and assistance from many different directions. In any bureaucratic structure, people tend to feel they cannot change their environment and thus may never seek the information that might change it. In sharp contrast, the new emerging form of organizations supports change, innovation, and individual initiative to an optimal degree. Intrapreneurship simply represents an organizational culture that allows employees flexibility and authority in pursuing and developing new ideas. Intrapreneurship is nothing but entrepreneurship practiced within the context of a large established organization. An intrapreneur is involved in the "venturing" process, that is, in developing a new business inside a corporation from its initial idea until it becomes a viable business. Often an intrapreneur must lead a project with an entrepreneurial vision , willingness of using power , leadership, motivation and ability to overcome resistance and barriers (Johansen, 2002). Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950) was a pioneering researcher in the field of entrepreneurship, he studied the role of the entrepreneur as an innovator, i.e., the person who develops a new product, a new market, or new means of production. Schumpeter distinguished between dependent and independent entrepreneurs, the former being those who are connected to an existing company, and the latter being those who start their own companies. Although coined and popularized by Gifford Pinchot in 1985, the term 'intrapreneur' (short for intra-corporate entrepreneur) essentially means what Schumpeter called a dependent entrepreneur. Several factors in organizations can have an influence on intrapreneurship/entrepreneurship. Usually, there are any number of barriers to innovation that can occur in organizations. Among all these factors and barriers, the degree of bureaucratic-style management within an organization can have the most adverse impact on the levels of individual initiative. 2. The Paradigm Shift Bureaucratic-style management is fading from the scene, albeit gradually. Mega corporations may be thriving, nonetheless their internal structures are becoming more geared towards innovation. Once considered a contradiction in terms, corporate intrapreneurship has become widely accepted in successful companies, such as 3M, Intel, and Coca-Cola.Also, in the fiercely competitive world of high
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Fordism and Post-Fordism as Theories of Work Organisation Essay
Fordism and Post-Fordism as Theories of Work Organisation - Essay Example 54-55), it was not until over twenty years later that the term Fordism came into being. Antonio Gramsci, an Italian Communist imprisoned by Mussolini from 1926 to 1937 (Slattery, 1991, p. 125), authored the article 'Americanism and Fordism' in 1931. In this stinging critique of capitalism, he breaks down the fundamental changes occurring to the characteristics of labour. For 'the purpose of American society-developing in the worker to the highest degree automatic and mechanical attitudes, breaking up the old psycho-nexus of qualified professional work and reducing productive operations exclusively to the mechanical, physical aspect' (Gramsci, 1931, p. 290). Generally, Fordism is defined by standardisation of labour and components, usage of the assembly line, strict specialisation of semi-skilled labour and high production levels. This mass manufacturing depended on a stable economy and a predictable mass consumerism, for 'without the mass consumption of mass-produced products, companies would quickly go bankrupt' (O'Donnell, 1997, p. 252). The fundamental need for so many consumers led to the development of widespread advertising (Kirby et al, 2000, p. 340). Yet what distinguishes this paradigm shift is, as Gramsci noted above, the removal of decision-making power from the worker. A relative contemporary of Ford, Frederick Taylor, proposed that all mental activity should be removed from the factory floor so workers could almost become machines, with their pay tied to personal productivity (O'Donnell, 1997, p. 288). Fordism meant great homogeny, efficiency and output, which in turn meant greater prosperity. However, the strict division of labour created an unmotivated work force increasingly alienated from management. Competitive pay was not sufficient to stop the rapid turnover, and the growth of unions such as Industrial Workers of the World during this period attests to this dissatisfaction (Grint, 1998, p. 284). Additionally, Fordism needed a reliable economy and consumer base-this is illustrated by the number of companies, such as Ford, which only survived the American Great Depression due to large scale government intervention (O'Donnell, 1997, p. 252). Another factor is that drastic increases in productivity of the first stage of Fordism were unique-subsequent changes were less effective, for 'there was a finite limit to, or at least declining return from, the extent to which time and motion studies etc. could increase productivity' (Grint, 1998, p. 284). Once an entire industry converted, it became difficult to continue finding significant ways to heighten productivity and furt her decrease costs. Eventually these disadvantages, along with the rise of a new type of mass consumerism, would set the stage for the conditions the next theory of work organisation is based upon-Post-Fordism. As technological advances and consumer wants became more varied, a new theory of work organisation was proposed in The Second Industrial Divide by Michael Piore and Charles Sabel in 1984. Responding to the economic downturn of the 1970's and the limitations of mass production (Kirby et al, 2000, p. 340), they held that a new system was coming into being, motivated by increasing consumer demand for specialised
Sunday, November 17, 2019
Malware, Spyware And Adware Essay Example for Free
Malware, Spyware And Adware Essay How do we get Spyware How Spyware operates Spyware effects Man In Middle attack Counter-Measures Anti-Malware Techniques Bibliography Introduction: From the early days of cracking passwords and stealing information from personal computers, to deadly Internet based attacks that can shake entireââ¬â¢s nation security, cyber crimes have evolved from the endeavors of entertainment by cyber kiddies to organized crimes and terrorist activities of cyber mafia. Virus Attacks, hacking, browser hijacks, spam, phishing and so on are various manifestations of malicious activities that have evolved on the internet in last couple of decades. Malware is one such tool that has emerged as a widely preferred choice to consummate criminal activities on the Internet. Malware is new genre of hostile software, written in a high level language. Normally they target technical vulnerabilities in the system. Spyware, adware, Trojans, virus, worms are very common form of Malware prevalent on the Internet. It propagates through emails, IM and other web services. It can be categorized into criminal and business malware. Criminal malware is used in cyber terrorism and vandalism; while business malware is used for business/monetary benefits. Spyware is a software program that collects personal information of the users without their formal consent. Unlike viruses and worms, spyware does not usually self replicate, or intrude into the system directly or spread from one system to another; instead, it intrudes into a system by deceiving the user or exploiting software vulnerabilities in a system. Once it gets into the system, its implications can range from disturbing to devastating. It propagates using personalization cookies, tracking cookies, Trojans, drive-by downloads, hacking and piggybacking. Malware: Along with viruses, malware is the biggest threat today to the computer users. It can hijack the browser, redirect search results, serve up pop-ups and many more. Malware stands for ââ¬Å"malicious softwareâ⬠and is used to identify all unwanted and potentially unwanted software. We can get infected by malware in several ways. It often comes bundled with other programs (examples include kazaa and i-mesh). These are usually pop-up ads, that send revenue from the ads to the programââ¬â¢s authors. Others are installed from the website, pretending to be software needed to view the site. Its most destructive feature is that once we are infected with the malware, it tends to multiply!! Earlier, it was mainly written for the destruction of computers and their data but now a days malware development is a big business. It is mostly used as a tool for extorting money out of its victims. In the form of rogue security programs, these are used to convince uneducated computer users to purchase the removal software from the same people who have written it. The types of malware are: Adware- It is the class of software that monitors the internet use for known e-commerce sites. When a user attempts to reach a site, adware pops-up suggesting an alternate site which may or may not be legitimate. Porn Dialers- This software was used heavily during the days when modem was the primary mechanism for connecting to the internet. This used to silently disconnect a modem from its service providers and redial to another premium rate telephone number. The resulting phone number charges, usually that of far-removed countries, would be found by the user only on its next telephone bill. Backdoors- These are the software tools which are mostly used to bypass existing security mechanisms present in either operating system or any application. Exploits- It is a general term used to describe any software code that is specifically designed to take advantage of a known weakness in operating system or application code. When vulnerabilities exist on a system, the exploits can be created to grant attacker administrative privileges, disclose or destroy any data or complete any task. Key loggers- These are the original spyware. It is a type of malware that is mostly used to ââ¬Å"spyâ⬠on the user of a system. One way to accomplish this is to log every keystroke typed into that system and then using that data to extract credit card social security numbers and all other sensitive information. Trojans- It is software that illegitimately performs some action that is different than its stated purpose. It may appear to be a legitimate software package that accomplishes a task desired by the user but at the same time after installing it can also perform some illegitimate tasks like destroying personal data. Examples of malware: GAIN- It is one of the oldest and best known examples of malware, created by Claria company. webHancer- It is a spyware application that is commonly bundled with other programs. Upon installation, it starts a program that runs in the background and collect details of the webpages we visit. ISTBar- It is a combination of toolbar and hijacker. It installs a toolbar with search functions provided by slotch. com. Recent Attacks:- Katrina-themed Malware attack Hits the Net This malicious site hosted in Poland harbors a secondary line of attack designed especially to dupe windows users. It cynically offers a ââ¬Å"free scanâ⬠for the zotob worm that in reality infects users. It also exploits well known IE vulnerabilities to install a variety of Trojans including Cgab-A, Borobot-Q etc. Most Recent Malware: Stealth Malware Stealth is a program that deliberately tries to conceal its presence in the system. It may try to hide changes it introduced in the system, including dropped files, file changes, running processes, registry settings etc. Malware Development Life Cycle- In recent years, malware has evolved in complexity to rival many decent sized software projects. This indicates an improvement in decent methodologies that enables malware producers to improve their output and capability to achieve maximum gain. Following are the steps generally deployed by the creators of malware to ensure its success: Get the malware onto the target system. Ensure the survival of the malware in the target system. Once establish engage its payload. There are several ways by which malware can be installed on the target machine. Some of these include websites or vulnerabilities in software installed on target machine. There are also actively spreading worms, which propagates via emails, peer to peer network, and IM. A growing trend is not to target vulnerabilities in software but to exploit the users of that software. Malware tricks the users and entice the user to download. One of the major requirement of malware is to remain undetected and viable once installed on the target machine. For this purpose the most common techniques used are compression and encryption. Now a days two more techniques are getting common i. e. code obfuscation and executable injectors. Once establish the main job of malware is to deliver the payload. This payload varies from malware to malware. Spyware- It is a type of malicious software that collects information from a computing system without his/her consent. It can capture keystrokes, screenshots, internet usage habit other personal information. The data is then delivered to online attackers who sell it to others or use it themselves for marketing or identify theft. How do we get spyware:- The main culprits in spyware transmission are:- Unprotected web browsing ââ¬â Many advertising companies send tracking files, called ââ¬Å"cookies,â⬠along with their banner, ads or provide ââ¬Å"special offersâ⬠that, when clicked, install extra software without our consent. Peer-to-peer applications ââ¬â Kazza Lite is a notorious carrier of spyware installation packages. Many MP3 sharing sites also cause spyware problems. Opportunistic ââ¬Å"freewareâ⬠or ââ¬Å"sharewareâ⬠programs ââ¬â Weatherbug is one such program which collects more information than it is authorized. Web browsers using cookies ââ¬â Any web browser can permit spyware to be installed on clicking the page that installs it. Some legitimate commercial software ââ¬â Windows Media Player and America Online are considered sources of spyware. Each installation of Windows Media Player includes a uniquely identifying number that is provided to Microsoft, and America Online installs additional software packages that report data usage to advertising companies. How Spyware operates: When keywords of interest like names of banks, online payment systems etc are observed, the spyware starts its data collection process. The most common area of interest for spyware is the data sent using HTTPS i. e. HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure. This HTTPS is mainly used for very sensitive data and uses Secure Socket Layers(SSL) Transport Layer Security(TLS). Encryption using these SSL TLS makes it difficult to intercept data during transmission but when spyware is running on the end userââ¬â¢s computer, it is collected before encryption. Man-In-Middle Attack Man in Middle Attack or Bucket Brigade Attack can be active as well as passiveform of eavesdropping. It is a type of attack in which the cyber criminal funnels communication between two users and none of the user is aware that the communication is being illegally monitored. The man in middle employ spyware that when loaded on the consumerââ¬â¢s computer redirects the web browser to the fake site. Countermeasures: Users/Organizations can formulate their anti-malware strategy depending upon the type and complexity of Malware attacks that they are exposed to, and the level of risk associated with such attacks. Different organizations use different tools and approaches to counter malware attacks. These tools and approaches are often based on their functionality, suitability and a cost. The two basic approaches are: Reactive Approach Proactive Approach Reactive Approach- It is an incident response process. In this method, once a problem is encountered, the investigation of the problem, analysis and findings remedy, and documenting the resolutions for future is done and that too mostly in same order. The existing anti malware tools available, identify the malware by scanning the computer executable files check if any know malware have sneaked into the system. This is done by detecting programs that are making changes to the operating system registry. Here, there are only three alternatives for dealing with malware:- Running Malware removable tool to detect and repair malware. If, anti-malware tool fails, Malware can be removed manually by the administrator or formatting the system. Use anti-Malware tool to prevent them from entering the system. Proactive approach- In this approach, the Malware can be deleted even before they get executed. It can be done in following ways:- Apply latest firmware to hardware systems and routers as recommended by vendors. Apply latest security patches to server applications and other applications. Ensure recent anti virus software is running. Maintain a database that keeps track of what patches have been applied. Enable firewalls. Enforce strong password policies. Use Least-privileged user account(LUA). This will do less damage as compared to high privileged processes. Anti-Malware techniques: When a worm or virus starts spreading into the computer networks, one must be able to react quickly to minimize the outbreak and damage it can cause. Traditionally, organizations use firewalls and antivirus scanning tools in order to prevent Malware from entering the system. These tools are used as a protective wall between a node and its network and the internet. The main motive is to prevent malicious code from entering into the system. However, these firewalls antivirus scanning tools and traffic monitors are not free from technical vulnerabilities, that can still be exploited by new generation Malware. Advanced Anti-Malware techniques: Integrating filters ââ¬Ëwith signaturesââ¬â¢ ââ¬â Having layers of application filter on the network, will increase the efficiency of the security tools. Advanced antivirus tools, firewalls, web and email filters can be clubbed together, with latest updates/patches to prevent Malware from entering the system. This approach reduces the probability of Malware intrusion to minimum possible. Though not zero. For example, Malware that attacks the web-browser normally bypasses the firewalls, but gets identified and deleted by web filters. Similarly, a new Malware whose signature is not there in any of the filters can still sneak into the network unnoticed. ââ¬ËMulti-Layered Defenseââ¬â¢ without signatures- It is very much similar to the ââ¬ËIntegrating Filtersââ¬â¢ approach but the only differentiating factor is that they can detect any malware even without their definition or signatures. In the integrating filters with signature technique there is a vulnerability i. e. these are amenable to attacks by unidentified or reported Malware. To overcome that vulnerability ââ¬ËMalware without signatureââ¬â¢ approach must be adopted. It includes following technologies.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
A Man Said to the Universe :: Man Said Universe
A Man Said to the Universe Stephen Crane wrote many remarkable poems, short stories, and novels throughout his short life (He lived only to the age of 29). In one poem in particular, "A Man Said to the Universe," Crane uses cosmic irony to depict an existentialist way of life. "Cosmic irony occurs when a writer uses God, destiny or fate to dash the hopes and expectations of a character or mankind in general"(2133). Craneââ¬â¢s use of this type of irony is seen through the relationship that the universe displays with mankind. Existentialism depicts the idea that one is not based on the essence of a soul but, rather is based on decisions made throughout life. Godââ¬â¢s existence in nature is expected, and it is ironic how Crane shows just the opposite to be true. Existentialism is indifferent to Godââ¬â¢s existence in nature as well. Crane depicts man as a weak soul longing for his existence to be recognized by the universe. "Howeverââ¬â¢ replied the universe,/ ââ¬ËThe fact has not created in me/ A sense of obligation"(3-5). These lines prove that the universe does not recognize the existence of man. This universe is a mighty force, heedless to the needs and wishes of man. We may argue or detest something that we have no control over, only to come to the realization that nature is indifferent to our thoughts or feelings. It is generally assumed that man has an obligation to the universe and vise versa. However, as seen in this poem, neither can be assumed. By living an existential life a man can detach himself from the idea of
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
The bauhaus related to 2014 fashion
The Aesthetic Of Bauhaus and Current Trends Following WWW, as much of Germany lay in despair, Bauhaus thrived as a revolutionary, inspired and unique School breaking down the perceived class barriers between craftsmen and fine artists. Founded in 1919 by Architect Walter Groping, Bauhaus modernized the Art Industry and Education, influencing all aspects of design today. As fashion, like art, progresses in cycles, inspiring and influencing each other through the creation of their designs, it would have been an ideal for Bauhaus and its collective education.The communal teaching of design basics to all iris year students meant all disciplines adopted a visionary approach to composition integrating simplicity, functionality and bare boned structure. The Wassail Chair is an iconic example of Bauhaus aesthetic, completely reducing the classic club chair to its fundamental form whilst retaining comfort and style. Inspired by the tubular steel framing of his bicycle, Marcel Brewer created t he Wassail chair to be seamless. Engaged with the transparency of the formâ⬠, Brewer created a mere structural outline of what then was considered the standard, contributing immensely to the Bauhaus aesthetic we know today. In Fashion we see the same structural aesthetic in pieces like La File Do's ââ¬Å"Oneâ⬠Bra. The singular steel underline sculpts the body leaving only the bare necessities of the common bra, focusing on its foundation. Using minimal detailing in the cups, opting for a soft mesh, the bra focuses on the structure; the nowhere and straps.Both Brewer and La File DO keep color to the minimum, using black or plain monochromatic schemes to further accentuate the framework of the designs. Rejecting the bourgeois detail plastering Germany at the time, Bauhaus students instead took the opposite direction. By completely striping back all decoration, even reducing color back to primary's and shades, they created a new take on architecture. Using geometric blocks and unconventional materials they constructed simple yet intriguing designs. The same can be said for modern fashion.Structured outfits in block colors are always popular as they provide a sleek and sophisticated look, such as with 3. 1 Phillip Limb's SIS 14 collection. As Bauhaus students used geometric boxes to create interesting shapes for buildings, Limit does the same for women. The square boxed white Jacket although seemingly plain creates an incredibly smooth and angular silhouette, the oversized structure building off her body emulating perfectly the white cubic buildings most associated with the Bauhaus aesthetic.During the first year of Bauhaus education, Color Theory was intensely studied. Josef Teen, teacher of said subject and inventor of the 12-hue color wheel believed ââ¬Å"Color is life; for a world without color appears to us as dead. Colors are primordial ideas, the children of light. â⬠The psychology and audience perception of color developed at Bauhaus is still an extremely relevant source to all designers today, helping designers portray different emotion through color and hue. Whilst at Bauhaus, Teen developed a series of seven methodologies for coordinating color using hue.One methodology in particular, saturation, was adopted into some of the most famous artworks to come out of Bauhaus such as Josef Albert ââ¬Å"Homage to the Squareâ⬠in which Albert created the exact same square filled with consistently smaller squares and changed the feeling of each art work using only hue and saturation of the color. This saturation is best shown in an exercise from Paul Kale's lour class depicting the different shades of red moving down the scale. In Channel's SIS 14 collection we also see the emotional effect of saturating colors.On the pure white canvas of flowing capes and summer dresses Karl Loggerhead paints graduating swatches, each color swiftly moving from dark to barely there light, while the dress graduates from dark forest gr eens to soft pastels. Paintbrushes and pallets adorn the models hands as they walk and the youth and creativity of the collection shines through instantly. Bauhaus considered typography to be another kind of building, literally studying the Truckee of letters and characters, the flexibility each character held and the visual effect they had on the audience.The Bauhaus font otherwise known as the ââ¬Å"Universalâ⬠font was a meticulously sculpted style that was simple, clean and modern. The rise of typography heralded the rise of graphic advertising, a strategy that would quickly be picked up by most if not all design disciplines, none so ferociously as fashion. Designer brands like Louis Button and Channel are not only instantly recognizable but intrinsically valuable for bearing their particular typeface as part of their branding. In fashion, Typography is used as a hook for customer engagement, often aimed at teenage girls.Typography is the quickest way to get your demograph ic to relate to your brand. Although not considered a typically high-class trait in fashion, brands like Mission, DENY and Jeremy Scott have taken up the typography trend successfully with their graphic fonts plastered over Jumpers, dresses and anything you can print on. Although nearly one century old, Bauhaus continues to influence many aspects of design. The flesh and bone structure, simplicity of design and geometric blocked out hopes are all still extremely relevant in the fashion and art of today.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Kim Sung & Kim Jong
From an early date Korean political culture is characterised by isolationism and a strong desire to maintain the country's independence (ââ¬Å"Kim Il Sungâ⬠, para 2). Relationship with its neighbouring countries are poor and with the countries in the West, are almost equal to zero. Even with such relationships, Korea has been unable to stop the encroachmentà of its neighbours. It was made the Japenese protectorate in 1905 and later the number ofà Japenese immigrants in Korea have risen so much that the Koreans have become second-class citizens within their own land.Kim Il SungKim Il Sungââ¬â¢s real name was Kim Song Ju. He was born in Pyongyang on 15th April, 1912. At the age ofà 17 he was jailed for being a part ofà a student political group led by the South Manchurian Communist Youth Association. After his release from jail he joined the Anti-Japanese United Army. He emerged as a significant leader in this time period and later changed his name to Kim Il Song, in honor of his uncle who participated in nation-wide protests against the Japenese in 1919.Kim Il Sung as a leaderAfter the Second World War the Korean peninsula was divided into two parts, North and South. North Korea was sponsored by Russia while the South was aided by USA. Kim Il Sung was selected to take charge of the formation of a provisional government for the North. Under his leadership the Korean Workers Party was inaugurated.A number of reforms were introduced to the North, including an eight-hour working day, equality of the sexes, and suppression of religion. Land and wealth formerly belonging to the Japanese or to enemies of the regime was confiscated and redistributed, industry was nationalised, and Soviet-style economic planning was initiated (ââ¬Å"Kim Il Sungâ⬠, para 12) His opponents within the party were purged to secure his absolute rule. Kim led the military committee, coordinating action against the South Koreans in 1950.With carefully prepared plans and without any warning to the South Koreans, his army swarmed into the South. The war continued for three years and during these three years about three million people lost their lives. Between 600,000 and one million North Koreans needlessly starved to death due to the economic legacy of Kim's regime. Kim claimed to have won that war but no peace treaty was ever signed.Kim Il Sung, through land reclamation, gave priority to increased agricultural production. He emphasised on trade, developed the countryââ¬â¢s infrastructure, and encouraged people to rely on domestically produced equipment. He discouraged them to even think about foreign aid and taught them that self reliance should be the key goal to everyoneââ¬â¢s success. From 1972 onwards, North Korea became poorer because it could not afford to buy advance technology from the West and its industrial production declined. A personality cult had glorified Kim, but by the mid-1990s the rapid economic growth of North Korea's ear ly years had given way first to stagnation and then to hardship, and there was widespread dissatisfaction with the repressive regime (Scalapino & Lee p.175)When he died in 1994, the country lost its venerated founding leader. Just a few years earlier, its powerful alliances had evaporated with the fall of the Soviet bloc and China's move toward a market-based system. The economy was on the rocks and energy and food were in short supply. A series of weather disasters, combined with an inefficient state-run agricultural system, further eroded the food supply, leading to mass starvation (ââ¬Å"Dear Leader or Demonâ⬠, para 12)Kim Jong IlKim Il Sungââ¬â¢s successor, Kim Jong Il, was born on 16th June, 1942. Growing up in a time when anti Japanese revolutionary struggle was at its peak, Kim Jong Il cultivated uncommon characteristics and qualities through his experiences of his real life and practical activities. During his training period under his father's tutelage in the 1970s , he was often referred to as the ââ¬Å"Party Center,â⬠and he launched a number of campaigns to take over the daily operations of the Party.When he came to power on the death of his father in 1997, Kim Jong-Il ruthlessly set about establishing his own authority. His government is said to be extremely secretive and brutal to dissidents. Kim's disastrous agricultural and economic policies have caused his people to suffer under one of the world's longest, deadliest famines. On the domestic front, Kim has given occasional signs that he favors economic reforms similar to those carried out in China by Deng Xiaoping.But at home he has done little or nothing to relax the absolute control of the state and party over all aspects of economic life. He has certainly given no sign of considering the de- collectivization of agriculture, which was the foundation of Deng's reforms (Chong-Il p. 84). With the sort of image Kim Jong Il carries around with him many analysts thought that the commu nist regime would finally come to an end in North Korea, but it is almost a decade since he has been in power and still ruling over North Korea and extending his fatherââ¬â¢s philosophy of Juche. Kim Il Sungââ¬â¢s style of ruling his country according to Stalinism was submerged into his Juche philosophy and later it subordinated into a more militant theme of Kim Jong Ilââ¬â¢s Red Banner Policy.Kim Jong Il has been accused of being involved in two bombings; one in Rangoon in 1983 and another in 1987, which killed all passengers in a South Korean airplane.à No evidence directly links Kim Jong Il to the bombings, however, and some analysts believe his father was still firmly in control of international activities throughout the 1980s, while giving his son more power over domestic affairs. He spends more than 25% of his countryââ¬â¢s annual GNP on the military while most of the citizens go hungry. Jong Il has also proved himself to be a movie lover and has directed a coup le of movies himself and written six operas, while his scientists make nuclear war heads.Kim Il Sung as a CommunistIn the words of Morelly, the author of the influential treatise Le Code de la Nature, published in 1755: â⬠The only vice which I know in the universe is avarice; all the others, whatever name one gives them, are merely forms, degrees of it. . . . Analyze vanity, conceit, pride, ambition, deceitfulness, hypocrisy, villainy; break down the majority of our sophisticated virtues themselves, [they] all dissolve in this subtle and pernicious element, the desire to possess.â⬠Such economically determined psychology lies at the root of every socialist and communist doctrine (Pipes 2001). Kim Il Sung was one man who was obsessed with gaining power over not only his own people but he went to extremes and even created his own religion so that the people should start worshipping him. When workers of the Korean Workers Party tried to over throw Kim in 1953, the eleven consp irators, who failed in their coup, were not only executed but their properties were confiscated as well. He purged his opponents in all possible ways in order to ensure that he stays in power.Kim Il Sungââ¬â¢s personality was a true speciman of a communist. Russia had an influence over the political system of North Korea right from the onset. Kim Il Sung was highly impressed by the communist rule in Russia and he developed a Marxist-Leninist political ideology that emphasises the need for autonomy and patriotic self-reliance. Called ââ¬ËJuche', or ââ¬ËKim Il Sung Thought', the ideology demanded total loyalty to the paramount leader and the ââ¬Å"religion of Kim Il Sungismâ⬠, and stressed on the benefits of sacrifice, austerity, discipline, dedication, unity, and patriotism. It has beenà described as ââ¬Å"encyclopedic thought which provides a complete answer to any question that arises in the struggle for national liberation and class emancipation, in the building of socialism and communism.â⬠The practical effect of Juche was to seal the DPRK off from virtually all foreign trade (ââ¬Å"Kim Il Sungâ⬠, para 38).Kim Il Sungââ¬â¢s personality cult was similar to that ofà Stalin. In that he was accused of tampering history, tyranny and injustice and self glorification. Kimââ¬â¢s zeal for communsim is evedient from the fact that the North Korean media, which is owned and controlled by the state, promoted Kimââ¬â¢s image as an infallible genius and the driving force behind the resistance to the Japanese and the liberation of the North. Kim had more than 34,000 monuments of himself erected throughout the country. Practice of any other religion except the worship of Kim Il Sungà was outlawed. The official calender started from his birthday and that day was an official holiday too.Kim Il Sung was so obssessed with his ideals that he started to believe in himself in a godly manner. The painters and artists of the country were instucted to paint only his personality in a pompous manner and project it to the rest of the country. All this was believed, byà Kim Il Sung, as not a forceful extension of his one-man show personality to the masses but he had actually started to live in a pseudo-shell of beliefà that the citizens of his country actually adored him.In my point of view the personality of Kim Il Sung was a fragment and extension of Stalin. This is supported by the fact that he not only tried to follow him in the way he ruled North Korea but he also sought his help and looked up to him in various matters ofà state. In the Korean War ofà 1950-1953, while South Korea was supported by USA, North Korea was aided by USSR primarily because it was a communist country. Kim Jong Il has proved himself to be a true replica of his father.He has not only ensured the continuity of his fatherââ¬â¢s policies and reforms but he has also gone to the extent of further subjugating the agrigarian community by spending more on his military might. He has promoted his fatherââ¬â¢s personality cult by making it a compulsion for each citizen to visit Kim Il Sungââ¬â¢s moseleum atleast once each year and also by paying tribute to the Senior Kim by wearing lapel badges and all those who dare to offend are sent to concentration camps within the country. Kim Il Sung has become so much part ofà a North Koreanââ¬â¢s daily life that to reject Kim is more like rejecting his own self.ConclusionWith 1% of the citizens in concentration camps and 25% of GNP being utilized to further the rulerââ¬â¢s military prowess, North Korea is definitely not in pursuit of a prosperous future. While the exiguity of the basic facilties of life and the over all plight of the nation is being blamed on the West in general and the US in particular, nobody dares to question the extravagent life of the dictators of North Korea. North Korea is going through its worst era right now; with its predominent supp ort/donor, in the shape of USSR, disintegrated and with the West pressing hard on it on the contentious issue of its nuclear programme.ReferencesClark, Carol. (2001). Kim Jong Il, ââ¬Å"Dear Leader or Demon?â⬠Retrieved 13 May 2006Chong-Il, Kim. (1986). Life and literature. Pyongyang, Korea: Foreign Languages Publishing House.Harris, Bruce. (2004). ââ¬Å"Kim Il Sungâ⬠. Retrieved 12 May 2006Pipes, Richard. (2001). Communism: A History. Random House Publishing Group.R. A. Scalapino and C. S. Lee. (1992). Communism in Korea. Seoul: Ilchokak.
Thursday, November 7, 2019
History and Timeline of the Wheelchair
History and Timeline of the Wheelchair It is uncertain as to what can be considered the first wheelchair, or who invented it. The first known dedicated wheelchair (invented in 1595 and called an invalids chair) was made for Phillip II of Spain by an unknown inventor. In 1655, Stephen Farfler, a paraplegic watchmaker, built a self-propelling chair on a three-wheel chassis. The Bath Wheelchair In 1783, John Dawson of Bath, England, invented a wheelchair named after the town of Bath. Dawson designed a chair with two large wheels and one small one. The Bath wheelchair outsold all other wheelchairs throughout the early part of the 19th century. Late 1800s The Bath wheelchair was not that comfortable and during the last half of the 19th century, many improvements were made to wheelchairs. An 1869 patent for a wheelchair showed the first model with rear push wheels and small front casters. Between, 1867 to 1875, inventors added new hollow rubber wheels similar to those used on bicycles on metal rims. In 1881, the pushrims for added self-propulsion were invented. The 1900s In 1900, the first spoked wheels were used on wheelchairs. In 1916, the first motorized wheelchair was manufactured in London. The Folding Wheelchair In 1932, engineer, Harry Jennings, built the first folding, tubular steel wheelchair. That was the earliest wheelchair similar to what is in modern use today. That wheelchair was built for a paraplegic friend of Jennings called Herbert Everest. Together they founded Everest Jennings, a company that monopolized the wheelchair market for many years. An antitrust suit was actually brought against Everest Jennings by the Department of Justice, who charged the company with rigging wheelchair prices. The case was finally settled out of court. First Motorized Wheelchair - Electric Wheelchair The first wheelchairs were self-powered and worked by a patient turning the wheels of their chair manually. If a patient was unable to do this, another person would have to push the wheelchair and patient from behind. A motorized or power wheelchair is one where a small motor drives the wheels to revolve. Attempts to invent a motorized wheelchair were made as far back as 1916, however, no successful commercial production occurred at that time. The first electric-powered wheelchair was invented by Canadian inventor, George Klein and his team of engineers while working for the National Research Council of Canada in a program to assist the injured veterans returning after World War II. George Klein also invented the microsurgical staple gun. Everest Jennings, the same company whose founders created the folding wheelchair were the first to manufacture the electric wheelchair on a mass scale beginning in 1956. Mind Control John Donoghue and Braingate invented a new wheelchair technology intended for a patient with very limited mobility, who otherwise would have issues using a wheelchair by themselves. The BrainGate device is implanted into the patients brain and hooked to a computer to which the patient can send mental commands that results in any machine including wheelchairs doing what they want it to. The new technology is called BCI or brain-computer interface.
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
Verbing - The Process of Turning Nouns Into Verbs
Verbing - The Process of Turning Nouns Into Verbs In a single work day, we might head a task force, eye an opportunity, nose around for good ideas, mouth a greeting, elbow an opponent, strong-arm a colleague, shoulder the blame, stomach a loss, and finally, perhaps,à hand in our resignation. What were doing with all those body parts is called verbingusing nouns (or occasionally other parts of speech) as verbs. Verbing is a time-honored way of coining new words out of old ones, the etymological process of conversion (or functional shifting). Sometimes its also a kind of wordplay (anthimeria), as in Shakespeares King Richard the Second when the Duke of York says, Grace me no grace, and uncle me no uncles. Does Verbing Weird Language? Calvin and Hobbes once discussed verbing in Bill Wattersons great comic strip: Calvin: I like to verb words.ââ¬â¹Hobbes: What?Calvin: I take nouns and adjectives and use them as verbs. Remember when access was a thing? Now its something you do. It got verbed. . . . Verbing weirds language.Hobbes: Maybe we can eventually make language a complete impediment to understanding. Echoing Hobbes, countless language mavens have decried the practice of verbinga filthy habit according to an editorial in Britains Guardian newspaper 20 years ago: Let us now resolve to bury . . . a practice which, in the closing months of the year, seemed increasingly to be defacing the English language: the pressing of decent defenceless nouns, which have gone about their business for centuries without giving the mildest offence or provocation, into service as verbs, sometimes in their original form but quite often after a process of horrible mutilation. Evidence of mutilated neologisms at that time included gift, diary, fax, fixture, message, example, and a doughnutà all functioning as verbs. Even the affable Richard Lederer has expressed impatience (or was he impatiented?) with verbing: We ought to accept new words that add color or vigor, but lets short-shrift the ones that dont. Wed like to guilt some writers and speakers into the habit of using words better instead of creating mutants the language doesnt need.(Richard Lederer and Richard Downs, The Write Way: The S.P.E.L.L. Guide to Real-Life Writing. Simon and Schuster, 1995) Love em or loathe em, a number of nouns have recently verbed their way into our conversations and dictionaries, including to contact, to impact, to access, to party, to author, to transition, to privilege, and to workshop. Verbing Makes English English New forms of wordsas well as new uses for old wordstake some getting used to. But the truth is, if those forms and uses stick around for awhile, we do get used to them. Psychologist Steven Pinker estimates that up to a fifth of English verbs are derived from nounsincluding such ancient verbs as rain, snow, and thunder along with more recent converts like oil, pressure, referee, bottle, debut, audition, highlight, diagnose, critique, email, and mastermind. In fact, Pinker reminds us, easy conversion of nouns to verbs has been part of English grammar for centuries; it is one of the processes that make English English (The Language Instinct, 1994). For your amusement or annoyance, lets close (a 13th-century verb that became a noun a century later) with a few contemporary specimens of verbing: When the smart guys started this business of securitizing things that didnt even exist in the first place, who was running the firms they worked for?(quoted by Calvin Trillin in Wall Street Smarts. The New York Times, October 13, 2009)We talked about the project. We dialoguedpassionately yet civillyremembering our earlier discussions about the need for all of us to practice active listening, agree to disagree, . . . using I think and I feel statements, solicit others opinions, and practice the Platinum Rule of treating others how they want to be treated. We dialogued and dialogued.(Christine M. Cress et al., Learning Through Serving: A Student Guidebook for Service-Learning Across the Disciplines. Stylus Publishing, 2005)It takes a certain kind of teacher to turn a teenage student who regularly truanted PE lessons into a county athlete in a matter of months.(Liz Ford, New Teachers and Old, Excelling All Round. The Guardian, July 3, 2007)For sports lovers, you can try to get a bat or a golf club personally signatured by one of their favorite sportspersons, which is bound to be a real treat.(Exotic Christmas Gift Ideas at the website Christmas Gifts Guide, 2009) An amateur baseball powerhouse, Cuba joined the tournament in 1939 and immediately beat Nicaragua for the title. Since then, it has won 25 titles in 37 tournaments and has medaled 29 times.(Benjamin Hoffman, U.S. in Contention at 2009 Baseball World Cup. The New York Times, September 19, 2009) In 10 or 20 years well revisit these upstart verbs to see how many have gained full admittance to the language.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
How important was nationalism as a cause of the collapse of communism Essay
How important was nationalism as a cause of the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe - Essay Example In this paper, the term nationalism is used in the meaning of political doctrine and ideology which is justified by a goal to make a certain nation succeed in pursuing its interests. In this context, a nation is understood as ââ¬Å"a political, ethnic, territorial, cultural, or religious group united by a common economy, mass culture, common legal rights and duties, and a belief system that emphasizes either shared history and genealogy or other common myths distinguishing this group from othersâ⬠(Smith, 1991: 14). Molchanov (2000: 264) observes that nationalism today is a product of modernization as well as mass education. It is also a product of the elitesââ¬â¢ conscious manipulation of countryââ¬â¢s masses. Nationalism is based on national feeling, i.e. a feeling of belonging to a community which is culturally distinct and goes beyond peopleââ¬â¢s circles of important others, covers the barriers of statuses and classes, and on a legitimate basis commands its member sââ¬â¢ loyalty. In this respect, a national community is perceived as an imagined community with its contours being reconstructed during the process of national mobilization (Molchanov, 2000: 263). As for the national elite, it serves a mobilizing agent in this process. Its parochial interests get the status of national interests and become values for which all compatriots fight. Typically, the elite is made up of well-educated classes ââ¬Å"from the indigenous nationality and local administratorsâ⬠who have become dissatisfied with current social standing (Molchanov, 2000: 264). ... It is also a product of the elitesââ¬â¢ conscious manipulation of countryââ¬â¢s masses. Nationalism is based on national feeling, i.e. a feeling of belonging to a community which is culturally distinct and goes beyond peopleââ¬â¢s circles of important others, covers the barriers of statuses and classes, and on a legitimate basis commands its membersââ¬â¢ loyalty. In this respect, a national community is perceived as an imagined community with its contours being reconstructed during the process of national mobilization (Molchanov, 2000: 263). As for the national elite, it serves a mobilizing agent in this process. Its parochial interests get the status of national interests and become values for which all compatriots fight. Typically, the elite is made up of well-educated classes ââ¬Å"from the indigenous nationality and local administratorsâ⬠who have become dissatisfied with current social standing (Molchanov, 2000: 264). Exploring the political agenda of contempor ary nationalism, one may state that it necessarily develops in its connection to state (Tibor, 2010: 36). The relationship between nationalism and the state is discussed in two major modes. The first one describes the situation when the representatives of the indigenous nationality already have control over the state. They make efforts to unite people and create their specific nation. It is characterized by a focus on cultural and linguistic homogenization, consolidation of political connections, and creating the feeling of solidarity. The activity of the government results in education standardization and decrease of the social distance which may be found between the society layers (Gellner, 1998). The second mode of nationalism development within the state is when the elites do not possess control over
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)